Sandwich panels are multi-layer building materials consisting of two rigid cladding sheets and an internal insulation layer. They play a key role in ensuring the thermal insulation, sound insulation and strength characteristics of structures. Their various types, which will be discussed in this article, have their own characteristics that affect the performance of finished products.

Main types of fillers

Manufacturers offer several types of insulation layers, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Most often, the following fillers are used for the manufacture of sandwich panels:

• Mineral wool is one of the most common types of sandwich panel fillers. It has high fire resistance and good sound insulation properties. Such a material is resistant to chemicals and moisture, but has a relatively high density, which can increase the weight of the structure.
• Expanded polystyrene is characterized by low weight and excellent thermal insulation characteristics. It has high moisture resistance, but is inferior to other materials in fire resistance. It is used mainly in civil and commercial construction, where lightness and simplicity of installation are required.
• Polyurethane foam provides better thermal insulation compared to expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. It is characterized by strength, moisture resistance and durability. However, panels with such a filler are more expensive, which may affect the choice in favor of other materials.
• Polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) is an improved version of polyurethane foam with increased fire resistance and excellent thermal insulation characteristics. PIR filler is widely used in industrial and warehouse buildings where fire safety is important.

How to choose a core for sandwich panels

Not only the reliability of sandwich panels, but also the performance characteristics of the facility on which they are installed largely depend on the right choice. When choosing an insulating layer, it is important to consider several factors:

• Required level of thermal insulation – for cold regions, panels with polyurethane foam or PIR are suitable.
• Fire resistance – if fire safety is a priority, it is better to choose mineral wool or PIR.
• Weight of the structure – if lightness is important, you should pay attention to expanded polystyrene.

Moisture resistance – polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam is preferable for objects with high humidity.

Sandwich panels with different types of fillers are used in the construction of industrial, commercial and residential buildings. The choice of a specific option depends on the insulation and mechanical performance requirements as well as the project budget. A competent selection of filler allows you to create energy-efficient, reliable and durable structures.